Julie Gardener
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EFFECTS OF CANNABIDIOL ANALOGUES ON INTESTINAL MOTILITY: POSSIBLE APPLICATION FOR INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE
Ester Fride1,2, Cfir Feigin1, Datta Ponde3, Aviva Breuer3, LumÃr HanuÅ¡3 and Raphael Mechoulam3
1Department of Behavioral and 2Health Sciences, College of Judea and Samaria, Ariel 44837, 3Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
The two major constituents of the cannabis sativa plant, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC) and (-) cannabidiol (CBD) have very different pharmacological profiles: 9-THC activates CB1 and CB2 receptors and induces psychoactive and peripheral effects. CBD does not bind CB1 or CB2 receptors, yet shares some activities with 9-THC. Therefore, CBD or its derivatives may be developed for the treatment of a number of conditions such as inflammation, inflammatory pain and diarrhea, in which cannabinoids have therapeutic potential, but where central cannabimimetic effects are undesirable. We have tested a series of previously synthesized (+) and (-)CBD analogues (Bisogno et al., Br. J. Pharm. 2001;134:845-852) in mice, both for central and for peripheral activity, as measured by intestinal motility. The compounds included the natural (-)CBD, the synthetic isomer (+)CBD and several (-) and (+) analogues: (-) and (+) CBD-DMH, (+) 7OH-CBD, (-) and (+) 7OH-CBD-DMH, (-) and (+) COOH-CBD and (-) and (+) COOH-CBD-DMH.
Methods: Female Sabra mice, or CB1-/- knockouts were injected i.p. 1 hr before testing in a series of assays which assess central cannabimimetic activity and for intestinal motility. Hypothermia and intestinal motility were measured for a prolonged period (4 h). Antagonists, when used, were injected 30 min before the agonist. Peripheral pain was measured as the response to an injection of formalin (4%) in one of the hind paws.
Results: 1) None of the (-)CBD analogues had any central cannabimimetic effect, yet 2) all except (-)COOH-CBD, and (-)CBD itself, inhibited intestinal motility. 3) The (+) derivatives, except (+) CBD itself, bind CB1 and to a lesser extent, CB2 receptors. However, only (+)7OH-CBD-DMH was centrally active. 4) (+)7OH-CBD-DMH had no effects in CB-/- mice. 5) All (+)CBD derivatives induced a complete arrest of defecation, except (+)CBD itself. 6) All effects of (+) CBD-DMH and (+) 7OH CBD-DMH were antagonized by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A, but 7) not by the CB2 antagonist SR144528. 8) The vanilloid 1 (VR1) receptor antagonist, capsazepine, did not antagonize any of the effects, thus excluding VR1 receptors as a target for the intestinal effects of CBDs. (+) CBD analogues completely suppressed the inflammatory phase of formalin-induced pain.
Conclusions: We conclude from these findings, that a) the effects of the CB-receptor- binding (+)CBD analogues are mediated by CB1 receptors. b) (+)CBD-DMH, despite its high affinity for CB1 receptors, was not centrally active, possibly due to a mixed agonist/antagonist potential. c) The effects on intestinal motility of the CBD analogues are not mediated by CB2 or VR1 receptors. d) Activity of non-CB1, non-CB2 binding CBD analogues, in intestinal motility, suggests the mediation by an unknown receptor in the intestinal system. e) Finally, some of the CBD analogues devoid of central effects show therapeutic potential as anti-inflammatory drugs for the GI system, with application in conditions such as Inflammatory Bowel disease and Crohn's disease.
Source: Effects of cannabidiol derivatives on intestinal motility ..
Ester Fride1,2, Cfir Feigin1, Datta Ponde3, Aviva Breuer3, LumÃr HanuÅ¡3 and Raphael Mechoulam3
1Department of Behavioral and 2Health Sciences, College of Judea and Samaria, Ariel 44837, 3Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, Medical Faculty, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel
The two major constituents of the cannabis sativa plant, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol (9-THC) and (-) cannabidiol (CBD) have very different pharmacological profiles: 9-THC activates CB1 and CB2 receptors and induces psychoactive and peripheral effects. CBD does not bind CB1 or CB2 receptors, yet shares some activities with 9-THC. Therefore, CBD or its derivatives may be developed for the treatment of a number of conditions such as inflammation, inflammatory pain and diarrhea, in which cannabinoids have therapeutic potential, but where central cannabimimetic effects are undesirable. We have tested a series of previously synthesized (+) and (-)CBD analogues (Bisogno et al., Br. J. Pharm. 2001;134:845-852) in mice, both for central and for peripheral activity, as measured by intestinal motility. The compounds included the natural (-)CBD, the synthetic isomer (+)CBD and several (-) and (+) analogues: (-) and (+) CBD-DMH, (+) 7OH-CBD, (-) and (+) 7OH-CBD-DMH, (-) and (+) COOH-CBD and (-) and (+) COOH-CBD-DMH.
Methods: Female Sabra mice, or CB1-/- knockouts were injected i.p. 1 hr before testing in a series of assays which assess central cannabimimetic activity and for intestinal motility. Hypothermia and intestinal motility were measured for a prolonged period (4 h). Antagonists, when used, were injected 30 min before the agonist. Peripheral pain was measured as the response to an injection of formalin (4%) in one of the hind paws.
Results: 1) None of the (-)CBD analogues had any central cannabimimetic effect, yet 2) all except (-)COOH-CBD, and (-)CBD itself, inhibited intestinal motility. 3) The (+) derivatives, except (+) CBD itself, bind CB1 and to a lesser extent, CB2 receptors. However, only (+)7OH-CBD-DMH was centrally active. 4) (+)7OH-CBD-DMH had no effects in CB-/- mice. 5) All (+)CBD derivatives induced a complete arrest of defecation, except (+)CBD itself. 6) All effects of (+) CBD-DMH and (+) 7OH CBD-DMH were antagonized by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A, but 7) not by the CB2 antagonist SR144528. 8) The vanilloid 1 (VR1) receptor antagonist, capsazepine, did not antagonize any of the effects, thus excluding VR1 receptors as a target for the intestinal effects of CBDs. (+) CBD analogues completely suppressed the inflammatory phase of formalin-induced pain.
Conclusions: We conclude from these findings, that a) the effects of the CB-receptor- binding (+)CBD analogues are mediated by CB1 receptors. b) (+)CBD-DMH, despite its high affinity for CB1 receptors, was not centrally active, possibly due to a mixed agonist/antagonist potential. c) The effects on intestinal motility of the CBD analogues are not mediated by CB2 or VR1 receptors. d) Activity of non-CB1, non-CB2 binding CBD analogues, in intestinal motility, suggests the mediation by an unknown receptor in the intestinal system. e) Finally, some of the CBD analogues devoid of central effects show therapeutic potential as anti-inflammatory drugs for the GI system, with application in conditions such as Inflammatory Bowel disease and Crohn's disease.
Source: Effects of cannabidiol derivatives on intestinal motility ..
