Vapor Pressure Deficit & What It Means To You!

VPD - Overview

Until the last couple years, Vapor Pressure Deficit, was measured mostly by research universities and agricultural laboratories. The tech available to growers these days has enabled us to dial a grow room in very accurately with regards to heat and RH. We all know that cannabis can benefit from an environment between 70F- 85F or 20C - 30C. We also can benefit from slightly colder temps at night and this is encouraged as it promotes maximum growth during lights out and the potential for certain genetic properties of a particular chemovar to manifest such as purple or pink buds, etc. Temperature and Relative Humidity will allow you to grow cannabis, and grow it well, if the parameters are maintained. When we keep our plants in the "sweet spot" of VPD, the stomata of the leaves are manipulated in a way that allows maximum performance from our plant. One analogy is that the VPD happy plant is like an athlete, whereas a plant outside of the ideal VPD zone is just strolling through the park.

I'd like to first state that I was urged to look into this information from fellow growers @Pennywise and @InTheShed . I am sharing what I learned, in my own words, based off the research I did and then began implementing in my own grow. After dialing in the environmental numbers, my plants looked completely different in less than 24 hours. They were perkier, healthier looking, and just plain looked ready to burst with growth. All anecdotal, of course, but if you have the capability to manipulate your temps and RH, you need to try this!

In order to understand what VPD is, we need to define the variables that go into calculating the VPD. Water vapor is the gas form of water. Saturation Vapor Pressure, SVP, is the maximum amount of water that the air can hold at a given temperature.
The air inside a grow space can hold a given amount of water vapor relative to the grow space temperature before it condenses to the liquid form of water. As temperature increases the SVP rises and as temperature falls, so does the SVP.
This is why we get dew in the morning after a cool night. The SVP is low, because the temps are low, but the Actual Vapor Pressure ( AVP) is higher than the SVP and boom! We have dew all over everything as the water vapor turned to liquid form!

Did you know that Relative Humidity or RH is actually a comparison of the amount of water in the air relative to the maximum amount the air can hold? That's why we measure it in percentages. 50% RH means that at a given temperature, the air is holding 50% of its maximum amount of moisture possible.

So if Saturation Vapor Pressure, SVP, is the maximum amount of water that the air can hold at a given temperature, and we know Relative Humidity, we can determine the Vapor Pressure Deficit.

Put simply, Vapor Pressure Deficit is the difference, or deficit, between SVP and AVP

VPD= SVP - AVP.

But Archiweedies, I dont want to math! Fear not fellow growers, you only need a couple things to start dialing in that environment so that you can take full advantage of this technique.

What you need:

Laser Temp Gun I got mine at Harbor Freight for quite cheap. We need this to determine our leaf temps at the top of the canopy. We can't assume that ambient is the same as leaf temps. Remember, the point is to get the stomata working so we care about the leaf temps at the top of the canopy.

Hygrometer - You should have one already! It would be nice to have one with a probe that can be placed at canopy level to get accurate RH measurements.

VPD chart This chart is courtesy of Just4Growers.com There are many online and I suggest you find one you like and print it out for your grow room. The example below is a VPD chart that assumes a Leaf Temperature Deficit of -2 degrees Celsius below ambient.The chart you will need is going to be based on how hot your lights are and what the difference is between ambient grow room temps and leaf surface temps. Ive found, with my LED COBS that they run roughly 2 degrees Celsius cooler.

vpd_2degree.gif


Now that we have our leaf temperature and our canopy RH, we simply cross reference the chart of your choice. If we are in the red zones above we are outside of the sweet spot for VPD. Once outside of the sweet spot and your plants are not transpiring as efficiently as they could be.

If you are outside the acceptable range, simply determine if it would be easier to manipulate the RH or temperatures to get back in line.

Example: I check my hygrometer and it says 25C. I check the leaf temps they are at 23C. RH is at 37%.
This places us just outside the VPD and it is up to you to determine if adjusting your RH up or your temps down makes more sense for you. For me, and this depends on your unique environment at the time which of course changes daily, I would bump RH up to 45% if I was in late veg/preflower. In flower I would likely choose to maintain the RH and lower temps a couple degrees Celsius to bring it back into line.

Summary

Dialing in the VPD allows us to turbocharge plant growth by allowing the plant to transpire efficiently. When the plant is transpiring more efficiently, it is drinking more nutrients from the roots. I think that is the goal of growing cannabis. Grow roots in veg and use those roots during bloom to produce flowers. By giving the plant a happy environment with the perfect VPD balance, we accelerate the plants growth across all phases of growth.

Thank you to the wonderful community here at :420:. I hope that by presenting this information, I have in some way given back to the community that has given me so much over the last few years.
 
Very nice tutorial on VPD!
Thank you Penny, I appreciate you and Shed bringing it to my attention. Imagine my surprise when I discovered there wasn't an article on:420:about VPD yet. The environmental controller was the final piece of the puzzle for me to attain this in my grow space. However, this is easily attainable for anyone growing in a climate controlled room.
 
Thanks

So if I understand this correctly, I can use a corded temp / humidity gauge placed at canopy level, compare that reading to a lazer temp leaf reading and use that difference to a choose chart ? I think I got that correct

EDIT: Is this for Lights out only ? or should it be adjusted for lights on as well
 
Thanks

So if I understand this correctly, I can use a corded temp / humidity gauge placed at canopy level, compare that reading to a lazer temp leaf reading and use that difference to a choose chart ? I think I got that correct
That was my initial setup. After testing, Ive found that my hygrometer's probe is quite accurate. I suggest playing around with it to determine if yous is. The laser thermometer allows you to check the leaf temps all over. That could be handy in identifying areas of suspected heat stress, for example. Also, it is hands down the best cat toy ever!!!!

Thanks for the question Gazoo!
 
That was my initial setup. After testing, Ive found that my hygrometer's probe is quite accurate. I suggest playing around with it to determine if yous is. The laser thermometer allows you to check the leaf temps all over. That could be handy in identifying areas of suspected heat stress, for example. Also, it is hands down the best cat toy ever!!!!

Thanks for the question Gazoo!

I have 7 hygrometer's all read a bit different ;) but I think I know which one is the most accurate :laugh:
I also do use my Lazer temp gauge to find the hot spots :slide:

I edited it above so will ask again in case

Would this be for BOTH lights on and off ? Lights off I could probably get it dialed in not sure about lights on
 
I have 7 hygrometer's all read a bit different ;) and I think I know which one is the most accurate :laugh:
I also do use my Lazer temp gauge to find the hot spots :slide:

I edited it above so will ask again in case

Would this be for BOTH lights on and off ? Lights off I could probably get it dialed in not sure about lights on

Thank you for repeating it, Gazoo as I did miss it!


This is for both lights on and lights off. Of course, in an ideal world it would be suggested that slightly cooler temps be maintained during your night period versus your dark period. Keep in mind humidity must change as well.

Everyone will have this same challenge your thinking about. How to control things during the dark period? Playing with exhaust fan settings may be enough. Air conditioning may be required to lower it that far.

I can tell you that right now I am not actively dropping temps during my dark period, but rather keeping my plants locked in very close to the same VPD. I do that by controlling the humidity at a set point based off what ambient temp is(inside the grow room). In my unique environment, which is a 4x4 in a garage in SoCal, it is easier for me at this time of year to manipulate humidity and keep my temps at around 22-23C with the help of a heater. In the summer, the whole game changes.
 
Oh yeah? If you're in SoCal why are you measuring your temps in foreign?
:)
:rofl: That’s a good damn question... I don’t have a good reason. :hmmmm:. The only thing I got is that by forcing myself to practice Celsius I’m breaking down American stereotypes. I’m a package deal, Shed :slide:
 
I checked my girls at lights on and getting a +2 deg F. Cant seem to find a chart for this situation
but also looking at all the charts and comparing my day temps of 76/80 at 43/48 RH FLOWER Cycle
its pointing to 65rh

Would we want to set this during Flower ? looking at all the charts its saying 65 RH which
would be high for flower ? Maybe I don't understand how to adjust it ?
 
If you adjust temperature wouldnt that adjust Rh?

Yes but to get it in the zone and hold the lower 45/50 RH It would need to run very low ? I should really
not be trying to add this level of adjustment, with all the other things I have going on :laugh: I will put this on the
back burner for now. Really appreciate the Heads up on the VDP AND will be reading up more so when I
can dedicate more to it I'll give it a go
 
Just get it close for now.
Yes, it's true. Perhaps I should of been more transparent that this is really for dialing it in to a very fine level. You are correct that 65%RH would not be advisable. You would need to reduce either temp or humidity and sometimes both.

I think VPD will become more and more important to us indoor gardeners out there. Important enough that I wrote this article for the people I love. :green_heart: If you look into ways to maintain a certain RH in your tent through some humidistat or environmental controller, you will be closer to this than you think. Cheers!
 
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