How do photoperiod plants outdoors flower without a true 12/12 lighting schedule?

You can thank the lucky stars for this. Yep, lighting from starlight which is in the 640 nanometer wavelength shortens transitioning to flowering by accelerating the conversion of Pr into Pfr.

The phytochrome molecule is the photoreceptor for red light responses and has two forms Pr and Pfr.

Pr absorps at a peak of 666 nanometers, is the same form that is synthesized in dark-grown seedlings, and when it absorbs red light is converted into Pfr form.

Pfr absorbs at a peak of 730 nanometers, is the active form that initiates biological response, is converted to Pr when it absorbs far red light, can spontaneously convert to Pr in extended darkness, and is susceptible to proteinases.

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