Grow Room Automation

This is by no means an exhaustive expose' of the subject, nor am I even the slightest bit knowledgeable therein. That aside, I do have an extreme interest in this subject because of my dwelling situation coupled with my state's current political position on Cannabis. To be more frank, I grew out a plant last year, journaled it here and did my very best to keep it secret from everyone that I do not live with. However, as this is a pretty high maintenance hobby/profession, especially to a new grower, I found myself needing to spend hours a day in my room building, constructing or just trying to dial my grow into a favorable and optimal range, all while my room mates would frequently entertain guests when the bars let out. Needless to say my absence caused many of those guests to inquire as to my whereabouts. If I were not in my room, I could be out mingling and running my own interference schemes to keep curious eyes preoccupied in other ways.

It was this feeling of unease that caused me to search for other ways of being able to manage my grow remotely, and though I have found quite a few different solutions, I still lack the knowledge and budget to get it all under my roof and for my benefit.

This blog entry is really just a platform I will use to expand my knowledge and share it with subscribers simultaneously. My plan is to one day own and control a plethora of completely automated grows that I would not need to be physically at save for maybe once every 7-10 days. That is a pretty tall order I know, especially for someone that is busting his back trying to get a multi plant grow off the ground and into a successful harvest, so I will obviously need to start somewhere, with just a single grow and implement my findings as I can afford to and hopefully I will be able to trickle funds into this idea which I anticipate will keep me out of my own personal grow save for topping and transplanting.

I happen to know that as of the date of this writing, we the human race have the technology on the market to manage light cycles with no timers (as we know them), control air movement times and fan speed, fill, mix and empty 1 or more reservoirs at will, control air quality, humidity and temps, operate and access video feeds with night vision and pretty much every other parameter I cannot recall at this time. All of which I plan to one day (sooner the better) observe and control from my smartphone.

The following YouTube video I found just last night while trying to research this topic again depicts a man in California that already has done what I want to do with his outdoor aquaponic grow that produces a vast array of edible veggies. I plan to build a system based off of these same concepts, but I will pick and choose to better suit the plants that I will be focusing on. This man also manages other grows remotely via his computer and as this video is well over a year old, I'd bet he now controls his grows via his smartphone.


For those that are really intimidated with circuitry, computers and all of this newer technology, there are definitely other less hands on options that will achieve the same end result such as Insteon for Android users and WeMo for iPhone users.


However, at first glance, it appears to me that Insteon and Wemo will both be a little to restrictive in terms of the goals that I am setting for myself, I will put upon myself to learn about a little device called Arduino which to my very limited knowledge is a small computer board that can easily be connected to thousands of other devices such as relays for controlling outlet fixtures, solenoid valves, meter valves, probes for monitoring nutrient mixtures, cameras and liquid flow controllers.

The Arduino can be accessed and controlled via Bluetooth, Ethernet and also there are smartphone apps for it. The Arduino is a similar in nature to the Linux operating systems in that most of the commands need to be typed in command line fashion, there is however a few different Arduino forums that I can utilize to learn that programming language and use it to make the Arduino do what I want it to do.

What I would like to accomplish is to be able to press a button on my smartphone which energizes a valve that empties my nutrient reservoir, another that fills it back up to a desired level with Reverse Osmosis water that will be kept on hand in another storage tank, activate an air stone to bubble for a while, another to check Dissolved O2 levels, EC/PPM, water temp and pH, another to begin meting nutrients in to the desired levels, monitor it some more and make the very fine adjustments as needed in accordance with my feed plan for that given plant(s). All of this while also managing light schedules, air movement schedules, room temp, CO2 levels, RH and odor control, everything that we all do during an average grow cycle. Basically, every single device or apparatus that we growers implement that somehow utilizes an electric current to function can be tied into the Arduino board and controlled via smartphone.

Aside from all the legalities associated with growing Cannabis, I would like to one day go on a vacation perhaps to a foreign country, and entrusting a friend to watch over a grow is one thing, entrusting multiple friends to be able to pick up exactly where I left off with multiple grows at multiple locations is a whole new plateau of trust one would need to get to bed at night. However, if my vaycay destination has internet access, I can still manage my grow completely and only need to entrust others to do the actual physical stuff such as pruning, topping and transplanting. But then again, if my budget were to open up, robotic arms could also be attached and controlled making the entire grow 100% hands free and every day would then become a sick day!

So feel free to subscribe if you wish and post anything at all related to this subject that you feel would be beneficial to myself or others that may just be passing by or doing his/her own research. I will continually update this blog as I feel need, or if I find something or accomplish something that better serves this goal of mine.

Comments

Here is a good introduction to what the Arduino is, some ways it can be used and the creation of a simple program to make a light emitting diode (LED) cycle on and off for a 1000 millisecond interval each way. Of course there is still a great deal of learning ahead of me, but I am determined to get this technological advantage into my grow.


Also to note, the most basic Arduino I have found for relatively cheap and I hope to order one this week sometime. Also on the wishlist is the world's cheapest computer, the "Raspberry Pi" which I estimate to cost about as much as an eighth of some good nugs. The rasberry can be used in place of a traditional computer and will expand the Arduino's networking capabilities.
 
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It appears that the pairing of the Arduino and the Raspberry Pi has already been addressed and it is called Arduberry!

I would also like to point out another extremely good reason why I want to get into using this technology and that is because it is so versatile and will allow me to customize the features to work best in the grow environment(s) that I plan to create. Think Sky Cave meets The Jetsons!!!
 
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way outta my league,sky. imma caveman,There is no way i could trust it

I would never be able to sleep at night
and besides,I have to see the plants daily,touch them,smell them,for me,that's half my battle,my medicine
 
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i can definitely respect that. Once I get more knowledge and the actual devices into play, I trust it will be safe and have zero qualms about being the crash test dummy. Just as I trust these clunky mechanical timers that clutter up my power strip to function properly, so too will I extend that trust into other forms of gadgetry. I'm just basically looking to replace all those timers and swap them out for something much smaller, out of view and to have MUCH more control of the functionality of my grow rig. In due time, I plan to demonstrate that this new method of controlling my devices is completely safe, or even safer than the traditional grow rig that I now have.

Where there is a will, there is a way!
 
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Here is another video of a guy in Alberta (I think) that has automated his greenhouse. His rig has been put together very cleanly and his control over each parameter is evident. The use of the Arduino will actually help him shave Kw/h's from his monthly bill by not relying on timers per say, and more so on high and low values that he predetermines for a given condition.


My last attempt at a grow journal failed just 2 pages in because of the relentless heat an attic collects. I had rigged a window AC unit up to a timer to cycle on for 15 minutes of every 45 minutes. Thankfully this grow failed because I honestly could not think of a better way to hemorrhage money out of my pocket by unnecessarily consuming kilowatt hours that did not need to be consumed. I believe that if I had a computer based means of controlling this and other parameters that the attic grow would have had at least a much better chance of success if for instance the AC unit only cycled on when the temps hit the high value that I would have had preset. Not to mention that I had to leave the AC unit preset on high, the Arduino could have also controlled the AC compressor & fan output via thermostat so as to only push out chilled air as needed.

This is just an example of how using the Arduino (or other forms of automation) could have saved me my grow. BTW, I lost about 6 seeds with about 3 or 4 strains in that failure. For the same exact reason a grower may find want/need to use a tri meter opposed to a pH pen and EC/TDS pen is the means I mentally justify this want/need.

There are plenty of YouTube videos to demonstrate how to integrate a tri meter, as well as other components of our grow rigs into the Arduino's circuitry and subsequent control. There are also a couple of forums we can utilize to learn the pretty simple programming language and get other ideas of how to gain more overall control of our rigs.

From here on out, I won't be posting anymore videos that demonstrate the potential of using Arduino as I'm already sold to the idea. I will now only focus on how to graft in components of my grow rig into the Arduino and actually get me an Arduino, probably the UNO as I can see it is the most basic and most used board Arduino makes, but we'll see what I can make happen.
 
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How to Pick the Right Electronics Board for Your DIY Project

Another good writeup that compares the Arduino, the Raspberry Pi and the Beaglebone Black. The beaglebone is also an interfaceable board with more computing power than the Arduino, but is more for an advanced coding user than myself and the last thing I want to do is make my learning curve more difficult, so I'm still on board for the Arduino.
 
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where there is will,there is a way.
Id like to see you come up with something like this.

I still dont trust,someone being able to also control over a wifi.

I put a camera system in my house,told my boy I was bullet proof.few hrs later,my son and his friend came back,showed me a video.it was off me making supper.the little bastards hacked into my system and panned all of my cameras around.Cameras gone from flower room and kitchen now.

hackers suck man, did you know some ass clown made a app to shut off/interfear with people with icd/pacemakers?
 
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Did not know about the pacemaker hack, but I delved slightly into that field and am aware of some of the risks and am confident that I can can get a decent encryption platform also in play, the key is to properly mask it or make it look like something else, something other than what it is with nothing for prying eyes would find interest in. They call it "network auditing" but it's really punching a hole in one's WEP or WPS/WPS2 password then attacking machines on that network. Once again, if it is made to look like something almost nobody will have interest in, then I'm confident I can have peace of mind.

At any rate, I truly can not be 100% pre-disposed to my grow and with what I want to do in the future, I feel I must now take the steps that would allow me much greater control than I now have with much less time time invested to dial it in and keep it dialed in. It can't hurt to save some Kw/h's in the process and only push components as hard as I need to instead of all circuits full speed ahead for 18 of every 24.
 
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Ive got no question that you will find what you seek,you dont skimp on the research,and knowledge is power,you will be a success when the time comes.
 
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A minor update on my quest.

I went ahead and purchased an Arduino Uno (rev 3) board starter kit off the internet. What I found in that process is that there are a lot of clone manufacturers with their own "Uno Rev3" boards, most of which look nearly identical to the Arduino name brand. The reason they can copy the Arduino down to the use of the key product name "Uno" is because the Arduino Uno (possibly entire Arduino line) is an open source product which means the developer(s) shared the product specs and software with the world for free. However, I found a really good YT channel that has many tutorials on the basics and I do intend to go through all or as many as I can stand to, so I can best equip myself to automate my grow(s). In the series I'm currently viewing, the narrator suggests to use the Arduino brand as opposed to a clone so that there are no communication issues from the Arduino drivers. Not to mention that Arduino is based in Italy and I am unaware of poor quality Italian craftsmanship.

So, I found a legit Arduino Uno R3 that comes with a few basic components to get me started for about $20, but there are many more comprehensive starter kits with more wires, lights, motors, servos, potentiometers gizmos and other doo dads, but my budget as always is thin and tight.

Arduino builds many more boards, each one more comprehensive and more powerful than the previous, but of course the price will also reflect the capabilities. So I expect I will be investing in more powerful boards when I have a better working knowledge of the how to part, as well as better understanding of what I would want or need to get closer to my goal.

Just from watching the most basic tutorials I can see that it shouldn't be that difficult to build a generic tri meter for dirt cheap. Also I am actively searching for what I would need to build a multiple HID light controller and fan speed controller. Of course cycling pumps on/off for exact lapses of time will fall into that category.

The results of a search I did some months ago suggest it will be more difficult to create a liquid flow controller as I'm not yet sure what all I would need, but essentially I would love to have a manifold with nutrient bottles flipped upside down upon that can mete in a given nutrient directly into a water feed line (so it cleans during) that is being ported to a specific nutrient reservoir. I once worked in a large college bar in town and they had similar components in the basement with the most popular liquor bottles flipped upside down to quickly make mixed drinks at the push of a button on the water gun behind the upstairs bar, so I know this will be very possible.
 
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I'm a novice grower who started in July Capn style. I also design, build, install and service custom fertigation and chemigation/irrigation controls and equipment for commercial Ag companies. Everything you want to do is possible it's just a matter of time and money.

My systems are PLC based using industrial components. I'm very familiar with arduinos, just moot the programming side which is the hard part. I'm currently using a PLC and touch screen interface to control my lights, pumps and exhaust fan.

In my head I've got most everything figured out as to how to automate the grow, just a time and money equation after that. I'd be more then happy to brainstorm with you or answer any questions I can. Having no real formal training I'm probably not as knowledgeable as a full on system integrator but this is fairly basic stuff.
 
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Partially disregard last paragraph above, found where to start looking

 
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Thanks for joining visiblewhale! You definitely picked the best style to grow with, Capn style! the man is a genius, and extremely loyal to helping us noobs get it right. I personally have enjoyed his commitment to help others succeed and his always available knowledge. I am seeing more and more people get on the ship and stay on through the rough seas. With that said, any issues at all regarding Capn style will almost immediately get you assistance. I'm on my 2nd run in this style, as well as many others that are further along than I in that style.

I appreciate the offer of assistance, though I am still too new to the microcontroller world to formulate any valuable questions, but I have at the moment just one, in your opinion, having a basic idea of what I want to accomplish, how many processes will I be able to accomplish with just the Arduino Uno R3? Will I be able to control a little less than 2,000 watts of light, one or two 400 CFM fans, as many as 6 water pumps, a large air pump, make a trusty trimeter and maybe a few other small load appliances? I'm just trying to grasp what the potential of the Uno would be for automating a small indoor grow. I expect I will need a more concise Arduino with more capability and networking, but I just ordered the Uno about an hour ago so...

This blog is just a record of my learning curve on the subject, but by no means would I call it mine so anything you would want to share about automating a grow will definitely help the next man in search of a better way. I'm just personally choosing the Arduino route for the support, DIY factor and extremely low cost which should enable me to produce better quality nuggets, which will further empower me to invest in better quality components, but I do have to start small and work my way to big, but that's just me.

thanks for sharing to the :420: family!
 
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Added notes; I found Peristaltic Dosing Pumps on Flea Bay for roughly $15 each. I think these will be great for meting nutes right out of their bottles and into a water line to mix while in travel. I think that to use these with Arduino, a little trial and error will be needed to calculate measure/voltage readings/power on time. Once the code is known, I think this will become a cheaper solution than I originally anticipated.
 
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Unfortunately the guy who was into the Arduinos moved back East last year and I tried to stay away from actually learning the code as much as possible. We had several side projects using them as remote dataloggers for pH monitoring out in the field and sending alerts via text message or email for high/low pH and also temperature/frost protection.

I would recommend playing with the Uno a bit and learning with it but moving onto at least the Mega. When you start adding multiple timers and counters the Uno will begin to bog down. There are more powerful options available which I am not familiar with.

You should search for people that have done similar projects and have their sketches available to download. Also I would search for aquarium projects where people are monitoring EC & pH, turning on pumps and lights, etc. Sounds familiar?

Aside from raw processing power the Mega has more I/O, which are your inputs and outputs. The Mega has 54 Digital I/O and 16 analog. You would need a relay breakout board with appropriately rated relays/contactors to actually switch your equipment on and off. So, say you had 6 lights, 10 pumps and 4 fans you were controlling on/off, that is 20 of your 54 IO used up with plenty to spare. I've seen some addon sheilds that have both pH and EC on the same board, these will take some tweaking to get dialed in but hopefully someone else has already done the work :)


There are two basic types of I/O whether you are using PLCs or microcontrollers:

Digital: Digital is either on or off. Think of it like a switch, it's either on or off. This could be a pressure, light, flow, float or level switch. Digital flow meters will give you continuous series of on/off signals as, typically, a paddle wheel spins. This is called a pulse train and by counting the number of pulses you can convert that to given volume and flow rate.

Analog: Analog signals are given in a range. Industrial standards are 0/4-20ma and 0-10VDC. You could also see resistance based analog signals such as a cars gas guage which may show 0ohms at empty and 90ohms at full. 0-5VDC, 1-5VDC are also used, especially with the micro controllers. So anything that is a sweep or range is an analog signal.

Serial: Serial communications are a special form of digital signal where the combination of on and off signals at a certain speed or baud rate is used to transmit large chunks of information. Your HDMI cable uses a digital signal to communicate while VGA cable transmit analog signals. Because HDMI is digital, its either on or off. It either works or it doesn't, which is why any HDMI cable will provide the same signal quality as long as it is working, 24k gold plated monster cable - same as $5 monoprice cable.

Analog inputs are typically fewer and more expensive then digital inputs, especially on PLC type controls. I am waiting on delivery of a CO2/Temp/RH monitor from China that has 3 analog outputs corresponding to each reading. It also has MODBUS output which is a serial communications protocol. You can typically connect up to 255 devices to a MODBUS (RS485) port but each analog signal will need its own input which can get expensive if you have multiple devices to read. I look for MODBUS capable hardware when using PLCs because then I'm not using any of the physical I/O ports, just one serial port.

When thinking of automation you need to think about what kind of feedback you can get for any given action. For example if I turn on a pump to fill a reservoir, how do I know when its full? Float switch, capacitive switch, pressure transducer or immersion switch? These all would work to give whatever controller you are using a feedback signal.

When dealing with flow you typically either need a flow driven signal like a flow meter or you need a way to quantify the amount of product some how like if you know a peristaltic pump doses 1ml per pulse and you need to dose 20ml, you need to send it 20 pulses.

Maybe you are filling a 20gal reservoir and you are using a flow meter with a pulse output of 200 pulses per gallon. You would need to start the pump and count pulses. In that example you might turn on the pump and have it turn off at about 3400 pulses because you put a float switch in at 17gal. Now, because we are growing Capn style we will tell our CalMag dosing pump to pulse 68 times to put in 4ml per gal. Then turn on our agitator for 30 sec. Then tell our FloraBlend dosing pump to pulse 68, agitate, then 17 pulses for the silica, agitate and continue.

Wow that was some serious rambling. Hopefully some of it made sense. :cheer2:
 
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Skybound;bt10444 said:
Partially disregard last paragraph above, found where to start looking


This is a basic proportion based dosing system. No matter the flow rates, the amounts dosed are proportional to the amount of flow going through the system. This is also a pressurized water system, like your house. Both the diaphragm solenoid valves and dosing pumps he is using require (high) pressure to use. I say high because you will not be able to create this amount of pressure using hobby aquarium pumps.

The dosing pumps are hydraulically actuated pumps where the water going through them pushes a mechanical drive train as it goes by that draws product up into the water. The amount depends on the stroke length which is adjustable. You can find similar devices from Dosatron and Dosamatic.

The solenoid valves look like plain old Hunter diaphragm valves and an irrigation control clock for timing.

The pH and EC meters are from Hanna, you can probably purchase this online fairly easily. Note the way the sensors are installed, this design is called a p-trap. It is to ensure the sensors are always wetted (and don't dry out for the pH probe). A probe that is installed vertically may collect air around the glass membrane causing funny pH readings.

I need to take a look at that controller to make sure its not doing anything special, but anyone can build this same setup fairly easily. If you can glue pipe and wire irrigation valves you're halfway there. This setup is ideal for drip because of the relatively high pressure and flow rates used. If you are doing recirc top feed in grow cubes there are other ways. :)
 
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Wow, are you sure the Arduino guy is out of contact?? I have been drenching my brain with pretty much 100% arduino for the past couple days and some of the language you used above is material that I am yet to cover. So thank you so much for sharing some of your ((basic??)) knowledge on the subject. I found the dosetron and other similar products in my search for the words ->Peristaltic Dosing Pumps<- as this is all so new to me, and I've done similar searches in the past and always came up empty handed. But realistically, where I'm at now, those larger dosers are not what I'm looking for purely based on price. As stated, I've found the Peristaltic Dosing Pumps for about $15 which is much more reasonable and I can see already it will work similar to the soap extractor on a pressure washer, and since we as growers are expanding our use of different products in search of that ultimate recipe, it is probable that I would want about 10 dosers, maybe more so I have to work within practicality right now.

For the lights I was thinking to have 2 basic light controllers as one will be 18/6 for veg and 12/12 for flower. I also have a guy local to me that is a college trained and employed in his field of networking something or other and he is willing to work with me in trade if/when the time comes, so if you ever want to share some really complex (to a newb) schematics of how you set up some systems you've built, I can have it translated and built, or at least translated to be built with much cheaper components to effect a similar result. I doubt I will get into anything of high pressure right away as my city reservoir is pretty far away and I am at the top of the hill on the other side, so pressure to my house is minimal, and after the RO is way less. i am comfortable to work within that scope and will try to rely on gravity as much as possible, i.e. raise the RO collection bin/tank so a simple solenoid valve can opened to allow another res to be filled to desired levels. As best I can tell, the Peristaltic Dosing Pumps are self priming and once the air is purged out, there will always be nutes in the lines until the inlet is exposed to air while the pump is turning (never). Perhaps a vibratory bottle mount will be needed to keep the salts in each nute balanced in the solution before being extracted to the res.

Enough of my own rambling. I am mostly thinking out loud, whereas you are actually sharing substantial meat to the topic, so by all means keep sharing. I don't mind having to reread material as many times as need be.
 
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For the method used in the above video to work for me, I think I would need some form of agitator to keep nutes well balanced in their liquid form. VW, are you aware of any products that are small enough to fit inside a bottle of nutes, say a gallon jug? Otherwise, do you think an air stone would keep nutes well mixed?
 
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you guys are speaking a different language here.,,kinda wore off my buzz trying to process it all
Very interesting stuff.

Otherwise, do you think an air stone would keep nutes well mixed?

would/could the air stone,be a source of bad bacteria,if this method is applied?? my air pumps draw the room air.
 
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