Looks good to me... but just to be certain - most of the pistils on the plant should be shrunken, dark colored and curly - there should be very few fresh white spiked up pistils still visible, the majority of them should have receded as described above.... if these conditions are met then yes sir, chop away!
Rain itself does not ruin them but excess rain and temp conditions could lead to mold or pm possibly even bud rot.
Nope, that’s not bud rot! Never had it myself but all the pics I’ve seen are a gray lifeless mess of buds. Those pistils hairs look good, color change, wrinkled, receding
Also for viewing trichs & critters maybe consider trying that smartphone app called magnifier - it uses on board camera to turn your smartphone into digital microscope